The article titled, “Multi Target Detection and Tracking by Mitigating Spot Jammer Attack in 77GHz mm-Wave Radars: An Experimental Evaluation,” has been accepted for publication in IEEE Sensors Journal 2022.

Kumuda D K, Vandana G S, Bethi Pardhasaradhi, B S Raghavendra, Pathipati Srihari, and Linga Reddy Cenkeramaddi, “Multi Target Detection and Tracking by Mitigating Spot Jammer Attack in 77GHz mm-Wave Radars: An Experimental Evaluation,” has been accepted for publication in IEEE Sensors Journal 2022.

Keywords: Radar tracking, Sensors, Radar, Target tracking, Jamming, Radar detection, Millimeter wave communication

Abstract: Small form factor radar sensors at millimeter wavelengths find numerous applications in the industrial and automotive sectors. These radar sensors provide improved range resolution, good angular resolution, and enhanced Doppler resolution for short range and ultrashort ranges. However, it is challenging to detect and track the targets accurately when a radar is interfered by another radar. This article proposes an experimental evaluation of a 77-GHz IWR1642 radar sensor in the presence of a second 77-GHz AWR1642 radar sensor acting as a spot jammer. A real-time experiment is carried out by considering five different targets of various cross sections, such as a car, a larger size motorcycle, a smaller size motorcycle, a cyclist, and a pedestrian. The collected real-time data are processed by four different constant false alarm rate detectors, cell averaging (CA)-CFAR, ordered statistics (OS)-CFAR, greatest of CA (GOCA)-CFAR, and smallest of CA (SOCA)-CFAR. Following that, data from these detectors are fed into two different clustering algorithms (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and K-means), followed by the extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based tracker with global nearest neighbor (GNN) data association, which provide tracks of various targets with and without the presence of a jammer. Furthermore, four different metrics [tracks reported (TR), track segments (TSs), false tracks (FTs), and track loss (TL)] are used to evaluate the performance of various tracks generated for two clustering algorithms with four detection schemes. The experimental results show that the DBSCAN clustering algorithm outperforms the K-means clustering algorithm for many cases.

More details:DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3227012

The article titled, “Machine Learning based Screening and Measurement to Measurement Association for Navigation in GNSS Spoofing Environment,” has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Sensors Journal (2022). 

B. Pardhasaradhi, R. R. Yakkati, and L. R. Cenkeramaddi, “Machine Learning based Screening and Measurement to Measurement Association for Navigation in GNSS Spoofing Environment,” has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Sensors Journal (2022).

Keywords: Global navigation satellite system, Interference, Receivers, Distortion measurement, Jamming, Distortion, Sensors

Abstract: Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides reliable positioning across the globe. However, GNSS is vulnerable to deliberate interference problems like spoofing, which can cause fake navigation. This article proposes navigation in a GNSS spoofing environment by taking the received power, correlation distortion function, and pseudorange measurement observation space into account. In the proposed approach, both actual and interference measurements are considered a set. Machine learning screens the authentic measurements from the accessible set using parameters such as received power and correlation function distortion. To maintain the track and navigate the GNSS’s time-varying kinematics, we used a combination of the gating technique within the Kalman filter framework and logic-based track management. The machine learning classifiers like support vector machines (SVMs), neural networks (NNs), ensemble, nearest neighbor, and decision trees are explored, and we observe that linear SVM and NN provide a test accuracy of 98.20%. A time-varying position-pull off strategy is considered, and the metrics like position RMSE and track failure are compared with the conventional M-best algorithm. The results show that for four authentic measurements and spoof injections, there are only a few track failures. In contrast, even with an increase in spoof injections, track failures are zero in the case of six authentic measurements.

More details:DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3214349